Newton’s Ideas in Principia

These were based on the idea of force, first inferred by Kepler, as described by Koestler in “The Sleepwalkers”. Kepler wrote that “there is a force in the sun”, the force between m and M. Hooke was in fact the first to infer the inverse square law, as recounted by my ancestral cousin John Aubrey in “Brief Lives”. Hooke set Newton the force law problem, knowing that the answer is inverse square in r, but Newton thought it was inverse r. According to Aubrey (and there is no reason to doubt the great diarist) Hooke informed Newton of the right answer in a letter, but Newton did not acknowledge Hooke, so the all too familiar bitter personal animosity of physics flared up between the two for many years. My Ph. D. supervisor Mansel Davies had a second edition of the Principia, but he could not read Latin and could not understand it. I started to read it in Latin and found that the proofs were geometrical, there was no recognizable modern calculus. The three Newton laws do not appear in Principia in anything like their modern form. Rev. Richard Bentley famously wrote to Newton to ask why m attracted M with nothing in between them. Newton replied to the effect that he did not know, but in a blustering, indignant manner, always a sign that a scientist is uneasy. The answer is given by Cartan geometry, which gives the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass in the first structure equation and gives the inverse r squared dependence in one of the field equations, akin to the Coulomb law, also of course an inverse square law by geometry. The two inverse square laws are found in the Cartan identity and Evans identity, an example of the Cartan identity.

The Balance of Forces in a Planar Orbit

This is given by the fundamental kinematic equation:

F = m (d2r / dt2 – r omega squared)

This can be written as:

m d2r / dt2 = F + m r omega squared

Here m r omega squared is the outward or centrifugal force and F is the net force of attraction. In a Newtonian orbit (a conical section):

F = – mMG / r squared

which is the attraction between m and M, the inverse square law of universal gravitation. In a hyperbolic spiral orbit (Coats orbit):

F = – m r omega squared

so dtr/dt2 = dv / dt = 0, and v is constant as r goes to infinity as observed in the velocity curve of a whirlpool galaxy. There has always been confusion in the textbooks about the centrifugal force. It is in fact the force generated by the rotation of the plane polar axes – it is due to the spin connection of Cartan geometry. In pure Newtonian dynamics there is only the force of attraction, so m would fall into M. The rotation of the axes also generates a Coriolis force, but this vanishes in all planar orbits. The rotation of the axes also generates the orbital velocity omega x r. The angular velocity omega is a spin connection.

Readings of UFT88

UFT88 has been studied intensively for about five or six years in all the best places worldwide, and describes what happens to the second Bianchi identity if torsion is present. I respectfully suggest that the vast readership of ECE continue to study Proofs One to Five as it has been doing for about half a dozen years. These proofs show why torsion MUST be present, it can never be zero without the curvature being zero. The proofs are very simple to understand. The key point is that the anti symmetry of the commutator (accepted by all) must also be the antisymmetry of the geometrical connection. To see this simply use mu = nu and the commutator vanishes, along with the torsion AND curvature. So the torsion must be non zero. The discussion on the whirlpool galaxy just posted shows that it is completely non Newtonian and non Einsteinian. The reason for light deflection due to gravitation, and perihelion precession, is again the Cartan torsion (UFT261). Unfortunately the claimed accuracy of Einstein in the solar system is an illusion but the improved Einstein theory, ECE theory, cures all the errors. So I don’t see any problem in accepting ECE theory, it is after all just textbook geometry (it is all in Carroll, “Spacetime and Geometry”, and his online notes are free). Simply read chapters one to three, the commutator proof is in those chapters. In UFT99 I give a lot more detail of the commutator proof than Carroll, and in general I have given a lot more detail of many of Carroll’s proofs. So all the personal animosity is garbage. It has the effect of turning decent people off physics, and that is a pity. People do not expect a professor to indulge in gutter abuse, and in fact this is academic misconduct verging on criminality (trolling).

Force Law for a Hyperbolic Spiral Orbit

This is precisely the negative of the centrifugal force so as r goes to infinity the net force is always zero, the orbital linear velocity of the orbit is a constant. So the attractive force for a hyperbolic spiral orbit is

F = – L squared / (m r cubed)

where mu is the reduced mass and where the angular momentum is

L = mu r squared omega

where omega is the angular velocity (the magnitude of the spin connection). So :

F = – mu r omega squared

Here mu is the reduced mass:

mu = mM / (m + M)

so M of the central part of the galaxy enters into the force in this way. This is of course completely different from Newton, not just a small correction to Newton as in the solar system. This type of force law and orbit were first investigated by Roger Coates (1682 – 1716). The received wisdom of the present age of darkness and dark matter in cosmology is that there is a “black hole” at the centre of a galaxy, if so mu would be mathematically indeterminate (infinity divided by infinity). In fact the mass M is finite but very large, so for all practical purposes:

mu = m

so the star of mass m orbits with constant velocity as r goes to infinity without being affected by M. This finding completely contradicts the idea of attraction between m and M. The real reason for the orbit is geometry, in fact the orbit is governed simply by the properties of plane polar coordinates. Note carefully that this is a theory of general relativity because there is a spin connection vector present – the angular velocity vector. Newton is restricted to motion in a straight line.

A Million Chinese Hits in May.

This is the title of my new song, for which Simon is scheduled to play the jazz trumpet, Robert the guitar, with Gerard ‘t Hooft on drums. In fact there has been a rapid growth of interest in ECE from China in the past two years, and it is the last major nation to join the fan club.

In a message dated 31/05/2014 07:12:37 GMT Daylight Time, writes:

Perhaps there are a million Chinese physicists all intensely interested in the same topic?

On 31 May 2014 07:09, <EMyrone> wrote:

To date there have been 988,742 hits, 14,024 distinct visits, 37,303 page views and 10.354 gigabytes downloaded. However the hits total was severely distorted by a Chinese site that spent almost the entire month trying to download UFT107 automatically, running up almost a million hits.The genuine hits total is estimated from the average ratio of hits to page views over the past six months, which is 1.49. So the genuine total of hits to date in May 2014 is estimated to be 55,581, or roughly about 56,000. There are still two more days of stats to come in for May. This is the last day of the month so I am taking monthly stats before they are overwritten. These will be added to the Book of Scientometrics as usual. This book is a very accurate database containing over ten years of data showing ten years of very intense interest in ECE theory from all the best places in the world. So it is easy to see that ECE will be studied intensely for the foreseeable future at all the best places. Nothing more could be asked from any theory of natural philosophy. This is the post Einstein paradigm shift, a phrase coined by Professor Emeritus Alwyn van der Merwe of Denver University, the most eminent physics editor of the past half century.

FOR POSTING: Blog pdf Updated to May 30th 2014 by Michael Jackson

Many thanks again to Michael Jackson! This is work of key importance because it archives the blog or diary at the British Library from the National Library of Wales. A vote of great thanks to AIAS Fellow Michael Jackson and I agree that the redundant “usage statistics” block can be deleted. The blog is coming up to a quarter million viewings since January 1st 2010, and is read currently in one hundred and seventy countries. It has 18,886 postings since December 2006. There were several record highs for March and April 2014, (daily, weekly and monthly) and there will be a record shattering annual total of viewings in 2014.

Daily Blog Update for 2014 to May 30

Hello Dr Evans,

I’m happy to send you the Daily Blog update in pdf format. Please upload for the quarterly archive.

This file is smaller than usual, as there were very few pictures. Next time, if you recommend, I can delete the daily text block: “Usage Statistics for aias.us aias.us“, as it doesn’t contain any useful data.

If anyone needs to edit the pdf, the password is the same as usual.

It is my pleasure to help in getting ECE theory accepted by the physics and engineering communities.

Sincerely,

Michael Jackson

Evans2014DailyBlogtomay30.pdf

Book of Scientometrics Updated to May 29th 2014

There was intense international interest as usual in the second half of May 2014, and the updates to May 29th are found at the end of the attached Book of Scientometrics. When the statistics are completed to the end of May I will send the updated book for posting to catch the 7th June quarterly archive of www.aias.us on www.webarchive.org.uk . Congratulations once more to the AIAS Fellows and staff for another superb performance.

bookofscientometrics.docx

Monthly Statistics For May 2014

To date there have been 988,742 hits, 14,024 distinct visits, 37,303 page views and 10.354 gigabytes downloaded. However the hits total was severely distorted by a Chinese site that spent almost the entire month trying to download UFT107 automatically, running up almost a million hits.The genuine hits total is estimated from the average ratio of hits to page views over the past six months, which is 1.49. So the genuine total of hits to date in May 2014 is estimated to be 55,581, or roughly about 56,000. There are still two more days of stats to come in for May. This is the last day of the month so I am taking monthly stats before they are overwritten. These will be added to the Book of Scientometrics as usual. This book is a very accurate database containing over ten years of data showing ten years of very intense interest in ECE theory from all the best places in the world. So it is easy to see that ECE will be studied intensely for the foreseeable future at all the best places. Nothing more could be asked from any theory of natural philosophy. This is the post Einstein paradigm shift, a phrase coined by Professor Emeritus Alwyn van der Merwe of Denver University, the most eminent physics editor of the past half century.

Daily Report 29/5/14

There were 1602 hits from 447 distinct visits, spiders from baidu, google, MSN, yandex and yahoo. Essay 24 944, F3(Sp) 696, Auto1 548, Auto2 91, Book of Scientometrics 190, UFT88 171, CEFE 86, Evans Equations 108, numerous (Spanish), “Llais” 76, Engineering Model 60, Englynion 24 to date in May 2014. Computer Centre Technical University Ilmenau Homopolar; Columbia University New York City UFT41; Stanford University UFT80; University of Nevada Las Vegas general; Science University of Valencia UFT143(Sp); The Park Community School Barnstable UFT25; United States National Archives A Basic Error in the Einstein Field Equation; Theoretical Physics Imperial College London UFT88; High Energy Physics University College London Home Page. Intense interest all sectors, updated usage file attached for May 2014.

Usage Statistics for aias.us aias.us

Summary Period: May 2014 – URL
Generated 30-May-2014 12:45 EDT

Summary of Discoveries in Notes for UFT262

These notes show that the major obervable features of a whirlpool galaxy can be explained by fundamental kinematics. The orbit in the r infinity limit must be a hyperbolic spiral. The orbit is totally non Newtonian and non Einsteinian because the gravitational potential does not depend on M, the mass that is assumed to be at the centre of a whirlpool galaxy. The kinematics of plane polar coordinates is an example of Cartan geometry because the axes are rotating and there is a spin connection present. The geometry is more fundamental than Newton and Einstein, both of whom fail completely in a whirlpool galaxy. I am not sure whether the general public is even aware of this fact, having been fed a diet of crass dogma. I am well aware that the whirlpool galaxy is an enormously complicated system, but this kinematic theory explains it major features with great elegance and simplicity. Robert Cheshire has analyzed a whirlpool galaxy in great detail, and I am prepared to publish his findings in any format he wishes. I am also aware that the plasma theory has contributed greatly to galactic theory, for example the recent ECE papers on the Beltrami theory. However UFT262 is a beautiful result – geometry is perfect beauty. I will go on developing UFT262 in the next few notes.