On the simple Newtonian level this is given by eq. (21), a cubic in m that can be solved by computer. I give a detailed account of the derivation of light deflection by gravitation in the Newtonian theory, giving the usual result (11). Most accounts on the net are vague and confusing, or erroneous. The deflection angle is the angle between the asymptotes of the hyperbola, given by eq. (5). The next step is to include the precession constant x in this calculation. Then light deflection by gravitation can be explained entirely without general relativity. These estimates of photon mass are very simple to make and this is a “toy model” of photon mass. However it gives reasonable results. The value of photon mass depends on the light frequency used and on the de Broglie equation. The latter has major shortcomings as discussed in detail in UFT158 to UFT166, intensely studied papers worldwide. The Einstein theory has been shredded into atoms and contains many errors. This leaves us with the theory based on:
r = alpha / (1 + epsilon cos (x theta))
as developed in a major advance made in UFT215.
Dr. Myron Evans 