On the Absence of Potential Energy in orbits

This note shows that all the information about orbits is contained in the metric, which is derived from the direct observation of orbits. The metric gives kinetic energy and angular velocity, no potential energy or force being necessary. All that is ever observed is the metric. From an equation such as (50) or (49) it becomes clear that the elliptical orbit of Kepler does not in fact prove the inverse square law of Newton.

a148thpapernotes4.pdf